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Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc.
Open Access. This article published by JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). You are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material). Under the following terms, you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
National Authority for Child Care-Regional Alternative Child Care Office (NACC-RACCO CARAGA)
Adoption telling the disclosure of adoptive status to children is a relational-cultural process that shapes trust, belonging, identity coherence, and stigma reduction. While global research emphasizes early and open disclosure, most findings come from Western contexts. This study addresses the gap in collectivist societies like the Philippines, where indigenous values such as kapwa, hiya, and pakikiramdam influence disclosure practices. The Caraga Region provides a unique socio-cultural setting for this investigation. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was employed. Quantitative phase: Surveys with 350–400 respondents tested direct effects of disclosure practices (timing, openness, narrative coherence) on identity outcomes. Qualitative phase: 36–48 purposively selected parents participated in interviews exploring cultural orientations, relational climates, and community support. Data analysis included regression, mediation, and moderation models, complemented by thematic coding of qualitative data. Ethical approval was secured from the IRB of Caraga State University (Protocol No. CSU-IRB-2025-014). Disclosure practices significantly predicted identity outcomes (trust, belonging, coherence, stigma reduction). Relational climate mediated disclosure effects, cultural orientations moderated outcomes, and community support enhanced belonging and reduced stigma. Integration of quantitative and qualitative findings validated adoption telling as both empirically measurable and culturally embedded, leading to the development of the Relational–Cultural Disclosure Theory (RCDT). Early, open, and coherent disclosure strengthens adoptees’ identity and reduces stigma when supported by a positive relational climate and community networks. RCDT situates adoption disclosure within Filipino indigenous psychology and communal traditions, contributing to global adoption scholarship.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emily A. Sanogal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Innovating Transmission Line Foundations in Mountainous Terrain: A Narrative Literature Review
Transmission line projects in mountainous regions encounter persistent engineering challenges due to steep slopes, unstable soils, and logistical constraints. Foundation design, as a critical determinant of reliability and cost efficiency, requires integrated strategies that combine geotechnical rigor, construction management, and resource planning. This study employs a narrative literature review to synthesize research on five interconnected dimensions of foundation performance: terrain characteristics, foundation type selection, geotechnical assessment quality, construction methods, and budget allocation. Results highlight that slope gradient and soil type strongly influence bearing capacity and failure rates; anchor foundations provide time efficiency in accessible sites, while pad and pile foundations remain essential in weak soils. High-quality geotechnical assessments, supported by effective communication between design and field teams, reduce unexpected failures. Mechanized construction methods improve cost efficiency in moderate terrains but lose advantage in rugged zones where mobilization and equipment reliability are compromised. Budget allocation enhances outcomes only when mediated by efficient material logistics. The review concludes that sustainable transmission line foundation design in mountainous terrain requires an integrated approach that links technical rigor, financial planning, and logistics efficiency. This has practical implications for infrastructure planning in the Philippines, where terrain-sensitive strategies can reduce delays and costs. Future research should develop predictive models that combine terrain parameters with supply chain simulations to guide proactive design and investment decisions in the Philippine and Asian context.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nayna B. Mallopa, Angelene Francisco, Millen Grace Galero, Vanessa Gallardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploring the Effectiveness of Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) During Police Operations in the Province of Albay
Law enforcement is a constantly evolving profession, and police officers regularly face dangerous encounters that pose a far greater risk than those experienced by the general public. Today, body-worn cameras are being used in police operations to enhance transparency, accountability, and the documentation of evidence. This study determined the status of Body Worn Cameras in the Province of Albay, explored the effectiveness of body-worn cameras during police operations, analyzed the challenges encountered such as technical issues, ergonomic interference, and human error by the police officers in using Body Worn Cameras during Police Operations and proposed an Institutional Framework that will enhance the effectiveness of the police officers in using Body Worn Cameras during Police Operations and standardize the operating procedures by addressing the recognized challenges through structured governance, dedicated resources, and clear policies. The study reveals that the used of Body-Worn Camera (BWC) in Albay has successfully initiated an irreversible, legally binding cultural shift toward verifiable accountability, necessitating a proposed institutional framework to mitigate these challenges and fully realize the BWC's potential as a reliable tool for law enforcement. Thus, Body Worn Cameras serve as an objective digital witness, ensuring that police officers remain accountable for their actions and maintain the highest standards of integrity during every police operation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Manny B. Macabeo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Fostering Entrepreneurial Intention among Entrepreneurship Students
This study examines the impact of entrepreneurship education on fostering entrepreneurial intention among students specializing in entrepreneurship. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through survey questionnaires to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship education and key factors influencing entrepreneurial intention, including attitudes toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The findings reveal statistically significant relationships among these variables, with most respondents strongly agreeing that these factors influence their decision to pursue entrepreneurial careers. A general weighted average of 4.35 indicates a high level of readiness and commitment among participants to engage in entrepreneurial activities. These results support previous research suggesting that entrepreneurship education positively shapes students’ entrepreneurial mindsets and intentions. The findings highlight the importance of creating supportive academic and social environments that strengthen students’ confidence and entrepreneurial readiness. The study provides practical insights for educators and policymakers in designing effective entrepreneurship programs that encourage students to pursue entrepreneurial ventures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joana Marie G. Bernardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) on the Philippine Power Sector: A Thematic Literature Review
The Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) of 2001 was enacted to transform the Philippine energy landscape from a state-owned monopoly into a competitive, market-driven industry. This study presents a thematic literature review assessing the multifaceted impacts of EPIRA over two decades of implementation. Synthesizing academic research, policy papers, and institutional reports, the review identifies five critical themes: (1) the unbundling of the power sector and its influence on operational efficiency; (2) the paradox of electricity pricing, where market competition has struggled to lower costs for residential consumers; (3) the technical and financial performance of Electric Cooperatives (ECs) compared to private distribution utilities; (4) the persistent challenges of rural electrification and energy security in off-grid areas; and (5) the broader economic consequences of high electricity prices. Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative systematic review with thematic synthesis, ensuring transparency and rigor. Findings suggest that while EPIRA reduced the government’s fiscal burden and improved technical efficiency in some sectors, it has faced significant criticism regarding high power rates, regulatory capture, and policy misalignment with renewable energy goals. This review provides a foundation for future legislative amendments aimed at achieving more equitable energy distribution, consumer-focused pricing, and sustainable energy transition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Celso N. Macalanos, Jr., Jerian L. Aloba, Aileen M. Abangan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pricing Strategies and Consumer Purchase Intention in Agribusiness: An Integrative Review
Pricing strategies are a central determinant of consumer purchase intention, yet their application and effectiveness in agribusiness contexts remain underexplored. This integrative literature review synthesizes findings from 42 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2025 to examine how cost-based, value-based, promotional, and dynamic pricing strategies influence consumer purchase intention for agricultural products. The review organizes insights across five thematic areas: pricing strategy typologies, price perception and fairness, consumer purchase intention models, agribusiness-specific pricing challenges, and moderating variables such as income, culture, and product type. Results indicate that while cost-based pricing remains dominant for commodity products, it exerts limited direct influence on consumer decision-making. In contrast, value-based and dynamic pricing strategies are more effective in stimulating purchase intention for differentiated goods such as organic, sustainably produced, or certified products. Promotional pricing demonstrates strong short-term effects but risks eroding consumer trust if perceived as unfair or inconsistent. The review emphasizes that consumer purchase intention is influenced by perceptions of fairness, trust, and value, and affected by socio-economic and cultural factors. From a theoretical perspective, the study highlights the importance of the Theory of Planned Behavior, Price–Quality Inference Theory, Consumer Value Theory, and the Stimulus–Organism–Response model in explaining the cognitive, perceptual, and behavioral processes that connect pricing strategies to purchase intention. However, methodological limitations remain, including reliance on cross-sectional survey designs, self-reported data, and the underrepresentation of emerging agribusiness markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lea Angela C. Arreza, Dorielle M. Bual, Clayde G. Parreñas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Digital Marketing Strategies and Guest Booking Behavior in Hospitality: A Narrative Literature Review in the Philippines
The hospitality industry has been reshaped by digital transformation, with hotels and resorts increasingly relying on online platforms to attract and convert guests. This narrative literature review synthesizes studies published between 2015 and 2025 to examine how digital marketing strategies influence booking behavior in the Philippine hospitality sector. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, Stimulus-Organism-Response framework, and Social Proof Theory, the review highlights the mediating roles of visibility, ease of use, trust, and engagement. Literature was identified through searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords such as digital marketing, hospitality booking, and social proof. Findings reveal that frequent, engaging, and platform-specific content enhances visibility and brand recall, while intuitive booking interfaces reduce friction. Trust, reinforced by reviews and reputation management, mitigates perceived risk, and engagement metrics act as social proof that amplifies credibility. Integrated strategies across search engines, OTAs, and social media consistently yield stronger booking outcomes, including higher direct reservations and improved loyalty. The review contributes new knowledge by situating Philippine practices within global benchmarks, identifying contradictions in mediating factors, and underscoring gaps in causal evidence. For practitioners, the study emphasizes continuous investment in visibility, usability, credibility, and authentic engagement. For scholars, it calls for longitudinal and experimental designs to explore emerging technologies such as AI-driven personalization, blockchain, and immersive VR/AR in pre-booking phases.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nicole Marion M. Polines, Nora D. Mendoza, Jordan B. Ortaleza, Rey Eliseo F. Regidor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Transforming Financial Freedom through Hybrid Work: A Narrative Literature Review in the Philippine Context
Hybrid work has become a defining organizational strategy in the post-pandemic era, blending remote and onsite tasks to provide flexibility, autonomy, and resilience. While much of the scholarship has emphasized productivity and work-life balance, emerging literature highlights the financial implications of hybrid arrangements. This study employed a narrative literature review to synthesize global and Philippine research on how hybrid work influences employees’ financial empowerment. The review examined five dimensions: commuting cost reduction, improved budgeting behavior, enhanced autonomy, greater perceived financial control, and long-term financial freedom. Findings indicate that reduced commuting costs yield immediate savings, often redirected toward household needs, debt reduction, and investments. Flexible work arrangements foster budgeting discipline by stabilizing expenses and reducing impulse spending. Autonomy strengthens self-efficacy and confidence in financial decision-making, while comparative studies show hybrid employees report higher levels of perceived financial control than onsite workers. Sustained exposure consolidates these benefits into long-term empowerment, reinforcing cultural values of family and community support in the Philippine context. This review contributes new knowledge by integrating global and Philippine perspectives, offering one of the first comprehensive syntheses on hybrid work’s financial impacts. Organizations should align hybrid policies with financial literacy programs to maximize empowerment outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Michaela A. Calbitaza, Roland B. Aquino, Juvelyn C. Clenuar, Roel De Sotto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Work-Life Balance, Motivation, and Employee Well-Being in Integrated Resorts: A Narrative Literature Review
The hospitality and gaming industry presents persistent challenges to employee well-being due to irregular schedules, emotional labor, and continuous customer demands. This study examines the relationships among work-life balance (WLB), motivation, and personal impact (PI) within the context of Solaire Resort North, a luxury integrated resort in the Philippines. A qualitative narrative literature review was conducted, guided by the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Thematic analysis was applied to selected global and local studies. Findings confirm that WLB functions as a critical job resource that enhances intrinsic motivation by satisfying autonomy and relatedness needs. However, both WLB and motivation fail to buffer the negative effects of chronic job demands on PI, leading to motivational self-exploitation and heightened personal strain. The study contributes new insight to JD-R literature by highlighting the decoupling of internal states and external well-being outcomes. Organizational reforms—flexible scheduling, wellness programs, and family-supportive policies—are recommended to mitigate personal costs and sustain workforce resilience in high-demand service environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ronel Rabi Duyagit, Kim C. Delos Reyes, Jennifer Enanod, Raymel De Vera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Electronic Banking Utilization, Service Quality, Client Satisfaction: A Narrative Literature Review
Electronic banking has become a cornerstone of modern financial services, yet uneven adoption and persistent trust concerns continue to limit its effectiveness, particularly in emerging economies. The purpose of this study is to examine how service quality mediates the relationship between electronic banking utilization and client satisfaction, with emphasis on Philippine universal banks. Using a narrative literature review design, the study synthesizes global, ASEAN, and Philippine scholarship, integrating empirical and theoretical works grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), SERVQUAL, and Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory (EDT). Results of the synthesis reveal that utilization directly influences satisfaction and shapes perceptions of service quality, and that satisfaction is indirectly driven by service quality. Accessibility fosters trust and security, while frequent use enhances convenience and loyalty. The findings highlight that technological adoption alone is insufficient; satisfaction emerges when utilization is embedded within reliable, secure, and empathetic service delivery. This study contributes to scholarship by advancing an integrated mediation model, to managerial practice by emphasizing reliability and assurance in digital platforms, and to policy by underscoring the need for infrastructure investment, digital literacy, and cybersecurity frameworks. Overall, the review provides a defense-ready foundation for empirical testing and international publication.
Copyright (c) 2026 John Martin C. Nazareth, Aldon M. Francia, Marianne M. Almogen, Eleonor C. Mabassa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Administrative Systems as Strategic Drivers of Sustainability and Competitiveness in Logistics Operations
Sustainability has become a central priority in logistics, shaped by global regulations, stakeholder expectations, and the need for resilience. Administrative systems—covering organizational structures, policies, management information systems (MIS), and governance mechanisms—are increasingly recognized as strategic drivers of sustainable logistics performance. This narrative literature review synthesizes studies published between 2020 and 2025 to examine four propositions: (H1) effective administrative systems enhance sustainability outcomes; (H2) environmental impacts are more directly influenced than social and economic dimensions; (H3) globally benchmarked, digitally integrated systems outperform traditional/manual approaches; and (H4) alignment of administrative systems with sustainability goals mediates the relationship between logistics efficiency and long-term competitiveness. The review employed a narrative synthesis approach, integrating theoretical perspectives (RBV, Institutional Theory, Dynamic Capabilities) with empirical evidence from global and Southeast Asian contexts. Findings indicate that administrative systems contribute to sustainability through measurement, coordination, compliance automation, and accountability. Environmental outcomes are most strongly affected due to measurability and regulatory pressure, while social and economic impacts remain indirect. Firms adopting digital integration and benchmarking achieve superior performance, and alignment with sustainability goals transforms efficiency gains into durable competitive advantage. The study highlights gaps in causal evidence and SME-focused research, offering contextual insights for Southeast Asian logistics firms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Juvelyn C. Clenuar, Roland B. Aquino, Michaela A. Calbitaza, Roel S. De Sotto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Assessment of Mental Well-Being and Coping Strategies Among Employees of Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs) in Catanduanes
Mental well-being has become an urgent global and national concern, particularly in public sector workplaces where employees face increasing occupational stressors. Despite the enactment of Republic Act No. 11036 and related policy mandates, implementation gaps remain evident in Government-Owned and Controlled Corporations (GOCCs), especially in geographically isolated provinces such as Catanduanes. This study aimed to assess the mental well-being of GOCC employees in Catanduanes by examining their socio-demographic profile, identifying common workplace stressors, evaluating coping strategies, assessing the level of implementation of workplace and mandatory programs, and developing a mental health management framework. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a structured survey questionnaire administered to purposively selected GOCC employees in the province. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Findings revealed moderate levels of workplace stress, particularly related to workload, leadership practices, job security, and work schedules. Employees reported the use of both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies; however, the implementation of mandated mental health and workplace programs was found to be moderate to limited. The study concludes that a localized, structured Mental Health and Wellness Support Program is necessary to strengthen institutional support systems, enhance employee resilience, and promote a healthier and more productive government workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hyde R. Advincula Tadoy, Rowena M. Cuevillas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Optimizing Business Rule Engines Reduces Trade Finance Compliance Errors: A Practice-Based Framework
Trade finance compliance has become increasingly complex as financial institutions navigate evolving anti-money laundering, know-your-customer, and environmental, social, and governance requirements across global markets. Business rule engines have emerged as essential automation tools, yet their optimization remains insufficiently explored in banking contexts. This narrative literature review synthesizes evidence from 53 sources across six continents to develop a practice-based framework strengthening rule engine design quality, governance features, stakeholder involvement, and policy integration. Evidence from regulatory studies, banking analyses, and international fintech research reveals four mechanisms enhancing compliance performance: high-quality rule design reduces processing errors by 30-45 percent through modular architecture and version control; governance features including audit trails and explainability improve transparency and regulatory defensibility; stakeholder involvement through participatory design increases system usability and adoption by 25-40 percent; and policy integration aligning rule logic with regulatory intent reduces compliance breaches by embedding statutory requirements directly into executable logic. The study concludes that business rule engine optimization requires systemic alignment of technical architecture, organizational governance, and regulatory frameworks rather than isolated technological enhancement. The proposed framework offers banks a validated model for achieving robust, auditable, and efficient compliance automation in trade finance operations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alvin C. Mancenido, Leanne Aireca P. Tumaroy, Michelle F. Go, Teodulfo P. Mahilum Jr., Rosemarie F. Magno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Marketing Campaign and Client Acquisition in Interior Design: The Role of Customer Relationship Management
This study explored how interior designers in the Philippines conceptualize and execute marketing campaigns for client acquisition, focusing on the significance of customer relationship management (CRM) and brand reputation. Grounded in Service-Dominant Logic, CRM Theory, and the Reputation-Based Theory of Strategic Alliances, this research addressed the gap in service marketing literature by investigating culturally rooted marketing practices within the Philippine interior design sector. A phenomenological qualitative design was utilized, incorporating in-depth, semi-structured interviews with twelve licensed interior designers based in Metro Manila, who were directly engaged in marketing and client relationship decisions. Findings showed that getting new clients is mostly seen as a process based on relationships, not as a result of promotional activities. Participants stressed social media visibility, engagement through referrals, and a mix of client sourcing as the main ways to find new clients. Participants perceived CRM practices like personalized communication, regular follow-ups, and post-project engagement were smart marketing tools that build trust, encourage referrals, and help keep long-term client retention. Brand reputation has become a key factor in building marketing credibility and influencing client choices in a service setting where trust and personalization are very important. The study provides context-specific insights into service marketing and presents practical implications for the creative and professional service sectors. These results give interior designers and other creative service professionals useful advice on how to get more clients by using relationship-based marketing, digital storytelling, and customer relationship management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arlene B. Magpayo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploring Parental Struggles and Challenges of Juvenile Reoffenders
Juvenile reoffending remains a pressing social issue that affects families, communities, and the justice system. Parents of juvenile offenders often experience emotional, social, and financial difficulties while attempting to guide their children toward rehabilitation. While existing studies have largely focused on risk factors and youth behavior, limited attention has been given to parents’ lived experiences as a basis for designing family-centered interventions. This study explored the parental struggles and challenges in dealing with juvenile reoffenders in Albay from 2019 to 2023 and proposes a strategic development plan informed by these lived experiences. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, data were collected through interviews with parents and guardians and analyzed using Giorgi’s method. Findings revealed that most juvenile reoffenders were male out-of-school youth, with theft as the most common offense. Risk factors included peer influence, socio-economic difficulties, and lack of supervision, while protective factors involved parental guidance and family support. Parents reported emotional distress, financial strain, and difficulty managing their children’s behavior. Anchored on these findings, the study proposes a Strategic Development Plan, “Strengthening Families,” which outlines targeted, multi-sectoral interventions such as parenting education, counseling support, youth skills development, and strengthened community collaboration to enhance parental capacity and reduce reoffending. The study concludes that strengthening parental involvement and family-centered interventions can help reduce juvenile reoffending. Overall, it contributes to the literature by linking phenomenological insights with a context-specific, practice-oriented intervention framework.
Copyright (c) 2026 Catherine F. Reyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Enhancing Teaching Competence: Support Systems as Mediators Between Adaptability and Performance
This study investigates the professional challenges encountered by student teachers and evaluates how their capacity for adaptability, supported by institutional frameworks, determines teaching performance. Specifically, it aims to: (1) identify the frequency and severity of classroom challenges; (2) assess the relationship between adaptability and teaching performance; and (3) examine the mediating role of support systems in strengthening teaching competence. Employing a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 40 student teachers at the University of Baguio during the 2024-2025 academic cycle. Structured surveys quantified classroom stressors, levels of teacher flexibility, and perceived instructional outcomes, while path analysis tested the mediation framework. Results reveal that adaptability (B = 0.760) is the strongest direct predictor of teaching success, while support systems (B = 0.429) significantly mediate this relationship, converting resilience into professional competence. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and Constructivism, the findings show that teaching competence emerges from the interaction of personal agency and institutional support. Beyond statistical validation, the findings highlight practical implications: mentorship, peer collaboration, and institutional resources are critical in stabilizing student teachers' performance during high-pressure instructional moments. The study's novelty lies in empirically validating a Partial Mediation Model, offering a replicable framework for teacher education research. It concludes that formalizing "adaptability scaffolding" within Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) can enhance resilience and instructional effectiveness, contributing to more competent and adaptable educators.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lexter S. Eligio, Elmer C. Eligio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0